1. Which of the following is a key component of the biopsychosocial model

of women's health?

a) The interaction of biological, psychological and social factors in

influencing health outcomes

b) The recognition of gender differences in health risks and responses

c) The empowerment of women to make informed choices about their

health

d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above. Rationale: The biopsychosocial model of

women's health acknowledges the complex interplay of biological,

psychological and social factors that affect women's health throughout their

lifespan. It also recognizes the diversity and inequality among women, and

promotes women's autonomy and participation in health care decisions.

2. A 25-year-old woman presents with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and

chronic pelvic pain. She has a history of endometriosis diagnosed by

laparoscopy. What is the most appropriate management plan for her?

a) Prescribe oral contraceptives to suppress ovulation and reduce

endometrial growth

b) Refer her to a gynecologist for surgical excision of endometriotic lesions

c) Advise her to use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for

pain relief

d) Provide her with education and counseling on coping strategies and

lifestyle modifications

Answer: b) Refer her to a gynecologist for surgical excision of

endometriotic lesions. Rationale: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory

condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the

uterine cavity. It can cause severe pain and infertility, and impair quality of

life. The gold standard treatment for endometriosis is surgical excision of

endometriotic lesions, which can improve symptoms, fertility and longterm outcomes. Oral contraceptives, NSAIDs and other conservative

measures may provide some relief, but are not curative.

3. A 45-year-old woman undergoes a routine mammogram as part of a

breast cancer screening program. The mammogram shows a suspicious

mass in her left breast. She is referred for a biopsy, which confirms the