1. A 32-year-old patient presents with a complaint of heavy menstrual bleeding. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic test? A. Transvaginal ultrasound B. Complete blood count C. Endometrial biopsy D. Thyroid function test Answer: A. Transvaginal ultrasound Rationale: A transvaginal ultrasound is the first-line diagnostic tool for evaluating the uterine cavity and endometrium, which can help identify causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. 2. When providing care for a pregnant patient, which of the following is a key component of prenatal care to prevent gestational diabetes? A. Routine glucose screening between 24-28 weeks gestation B. Prescribing metformin throughout pregnancy C. Recommending a low-carbohydrate diet in the first trimester D. Administering an oral glucose tolerance test at the first prenatal visit Answer: A. Routine glucose screening between 24-28 weeks gestation Rationale: Routine glucose screening is recommended for all pregnant women between 24-28 weeks gestation to screen for gestational diabetes. 3. A patient is diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Which of the following is not a common treatment approach? A. Weight management and lifestyle changes B. Oral contraceptive pills C. Ovarian drilling D. Insulin sensitizers Answer: C. Ovarian drilling Rationale: While ovarian drilling is a treatment option for PCOS, it is not commonly used as a first-line treatment and is typically considered when other treatments have failed. 4. In diagnosing endometriosis, which symptom is least likely to be reported by the patient? A. Dysmenorrhea