1. A 25-year-old primigravida is at 28 weeks gestation. Which of the following findings would be considered an expected physiological change during pregnancy? A. Decreased respiratory rate B. Increased blood pressure C. Increased total blood volume D. Decreased cardiac output Answer: C. Increased total blood volume Rationale: During pregnancy, total blood volume increases by about 40- 50% to accommodate the metabolic demands of the fetus and the changes in the maternal organs. 2. A pregnant patient presents with a blood pressure of 160/110 mmHg, proteinuria, and edema. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Gestational Diabetes B. Preeclampsia C. Chronic Hypertension D. Ectopic Pregnancy Answer: B. Preeclampsia Rationale: The presence of hypertension, proteinuria, and edema after 20 weeks of gestation is indicative of preeclampsia, a condition that can have serious consequences for both mother and fetus if not managed properly. 3. Which of the following is a recommended dietary supplement during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Folic Acid D. Calcium Answer: C. Folic Acid Rationale: Folic acid supplementation is recommended before conception and during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus. 4. During a routine antenatal visit, a patient's ultrasound reveals