1. A newborn is not breathing after delivery. Which of the following is the first step in neonatal resuscitation? A. Start chest compressions B. Administer 100% oxygen C. Perform endotracheal intubation D. Initiate positive pressure ventilation Answer: D. Initiate positive pressure ventilation Rationale: The initial step in neonatal resuscitation for a non-breathing newborn is to establish ventilation using positive pressure ventilation (PPV). This helps to inflate the lungs and deliver oxygen to the bloodstream. 2. During neonatal resuscitation, what is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for a newborn requiring chest compressions? A. 3:1 B. 5:1 C. 15:2 D. 30:2 Answer: A. 3:1 Rationale: The recommended compression to ventilation ratio for neonatal resuscitation is 3:1, which equates to 90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute, ensuring adequate ventilation and perfusion. 3. If meconium is present and the newborn is vigorous, what is the appropriate initial management? A. Immediate endotracheal intubation B. Suction the mouth and nose on the perineum C. Delayed cord clamping D. Observe the newborn without intervention Answer: D. Observe the newborn without intervention Rationale: If the newborn is vigorous with good respiratory effort, heart rate above 100 bpm, and muscle tone, initial management should be observation without immediate intervention, even if meconium is present. 4. Which medication is commonly used during neonatal resuscitation to increase heart rate? A. Dopamine B. Epinephrine