1. What are the main components of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role? How do they differ from the nurse practitioner (NP) role? - The main components of the CNS role are expert clinical practice, education, research, consultation, and leadership. The CNS focuses on a specific population, setting, or type of care, while the NP provides primary or specialty care to individuals or groups across the lifespan. 2. What are some of the benefits and challenges of interprofessional collaboration in clinical nursing practice? Give an example of a successful interprofessional team and explain how they achieved their goals. - Some of the benefits of interprofessional collaboration are improved patient outcomes, reduced errors, enhanced communication, and shared decision making. Some of the challenges are role confusion, power imbalance, lack of trust, and conflicting values. An example of a successful interprofessional team is the palliative care team, which consists of nurses, physicians, social workers, chaplains, pharmacists, and others who work together to provide holistic care to patients with life-limiting illnesses and their families. They achieved their goals by respecting each other's expertise, communicating effectively, and involving the patient and family in the care plan. 3. What are some of the ethical issues that clinical nurses may encounter in their practice? How can they use ethical frameworks or principles to guide their decision making? - Some of the ethical issues that clinical nurses may encounter are informed consent, confidentiality, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity. They can use ethical frameworks or principles to guide their decision making by identifying the problem, gathering relevant information, analyzing the alternatives, applying the ethical principles, making a decision, implementing the action, and evaluating the outcome. 4. What are some of the evidence-based practice (EBP) models or strategies that clinical nurses can use to improve their practice? How can they evaluate the quality and applicability of the evidence? - Some of the EBP models or strategies that clinical nurses can use are the Iowa model, the Stetler model, the Johns Hopkins model, the PICO question format, and the ACE star model. They can evaluate the quality and applicability of the evidence by using tools such as the hierarchy of evidence, the critical appraisal skills program (CASP), and the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation (AGREE). 5. What are some of the current trends or issues in specialty in clinical nursing? How can clinical nurses keep up to date with the latest developments in their field? - Some of the current trends or issues in specialty in clinical nursing are advanced practice regulation, scope of practice, credentialing, certification, reimbursement, telehealth, simulation, informatics, genomics, and global health. Clinical nurses can keep up to date with the latest developments in their field by reading journals, attending conferences, joining professional associations, participating in continuing education