1. What is the difference between data, information and knowledge in the

context of healthcare informatics? Provide an example for each term.

- Data are raw facts or figures that have no meaning by themselves, such as

numbers, symbols, or words. For example, a patient's blood pressure reading is a

piece of data.

- Information is data that has been processed, organized, or interpreted to make

it meaningful or useful, such as a report, a graph, or a diagnosis. For example, a

patient's blood pressure trend over time is a piece of information.

- Knowledge is information that has been applied, analyzed, or synthesized to

provide insights, guidance, or solutions, such as a guideline, a recommendation,

or a decision. For example, a patient's blood pressure management plan based

on evidence and best practices is a piece of knowledge.

2. What are the benefits and challenges of using electronic health records

(EHRs) in nursing practice? Name at least three of each.

- Some benefits of using EHRs are:

- Improved quality and safety of care by reducing errors, enhancing

communication, and facilitating decision support.

- Increased efficiency and productivity by reducing duplication, streamlining

workflows, and saving time and resources.

- Enhanced patient engagement and satisfaction by providing access,

education, and empowerment.

- Some challenges of using EHRs are:

- Technical issues such as system failures, interoperability problems, and

cybersecurity threats.

- Ethical and legal issues such as privacy, confidentiality, and consent.

- Human factors issues such as usability, training, and change management.

3. What are the roles and responsibilities of a nurse informaticist? Name at least

three of each.