-A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? (ANS-Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL -A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these? (ANS-Use of glucocorticoids -In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? (ANS-Women who have a high body mass index -What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? (ANS-Salivation decreases. -Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism? (ANS-Secondary -A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? (ANS-Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO 2 of 44 mmHg. -The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? (ANS-Endogenous pyrogens -A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? (ANS-Posterior pituitary trauma -Within a physiologic range, what does an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) result in? (ANS-Increase in force of contraction -Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion? (ANS-Being treated for small cell carcinoma of stomach. -A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by injection. What response by the professor is best? (ANS-Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue, resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity -The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? (ANSAtria -A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient should the professional assess for hyperkalemia? (ANS-Renal failure -What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? (ANS-Metabolizing bile salts, estrogens, and lipids -A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum potassium (K + ) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na + ) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin deficiency? (ANS-Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, andosmotic diuresis. -A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? (ANS-excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system -A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding? (ANS-Ca++: 8.2 mg/dL -A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best? (ANS-To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration -Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen? (ANS-Foreignness -Which renal change is found in older adults? (ANS-Decrease in the number of nephrons -If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to react in which manner? (ANS-Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O2) to be released to the cells -Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? (ANS-Glycolysis -A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? (ANS-Hemosiderosis -The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by lungs with decreased compliance? (ANS-Stiffness -What is one function of the tumor cell marker? (ANS-To screen individuals at high risk for cancer -Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what? (ANS-IgG protections -A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement by the professional is best? (ANS-Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth. -A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? (ANS-Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the mucosa to acid. -A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? (ANS-PR interval measuring 0.28 sec -How do free radicals cause cell damage? (ANS-Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane -What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? (ANS-Increased capillary permeability -A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis? (ANS-Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues. -A student asks why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage. What response by the professor is best? (ANS-Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen -The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function? (ANS-Increased production of antibodies against self-antigens -A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for? (ANS-Pulmonary edema -Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? (ANS-Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. -A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder? (ANS-Treatment with an ACE inhibitor -A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is best? (ANS-Inhibits renin and aldosterone -Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? (ANS-Active-acquired immunity -A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best? (ANS-These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves. -A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health condition should the professional facilitate testing? (ANS-Lead poisoning -The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism? (ANS-Lymphatic obstruction -During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax? (ANSBlood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. -A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare professional expect the patient's blood glucose to be at a minimum? (ANS-180 mg/d