1. A 65-year-old man with a history of

hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney

disease is admitted to the hospital with

shortness of breath, chest pain and fatigue.

He is diagnosed with acute heart failure

and prescribed furosemide, metoprolol

and lisinopril. Which of the following

nursing interventions is most appropriate

for this patient?

a) Monitor his blood pressure, pulse and

urine output frequently.

b) Encourage him to drink plenty of fluids

and limit his sodium intake.

c) Teach him about the signs and

symptoms of hypoglycemia and

hyperkalemia.

d) Assist him with activities of daily living

and provide emotional support.

*Answer: a) Monitor his blood pressure,

pulse and urine output frequently.*

Rationale: This patient is at risk of fluid

overload, hypotension, bradycardia and

electrolyte imbalances due to his

medications and comorbidities.

Monitoring his vital signs and urine

output can help detect any adverse effects

or complications and guide appropriate

adjustments in therapy.

2. A 78-year-old woman with a history of

osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and

depression is admitted to the hospital with

a hip fracture after a fall at home. She is

scheduled for a hip replacement surgery

the next day. Which of the following

nursing interventions is most appropriate

for this patient?

a) Administer analgesics as prescribed and

assess her pain level regularly.

b) Apply ice packs to the affected hip and

elevate it above the level of the heart.

c) Mobilize her as soon as possible and

encourage weight-bearing exercises.

d) Educate her about the risks and benefits

of the surgery and obtain informed

consent.

*Answer: a) Administer analgesics as

prescribed and assess her pain level

regularly.*

Rationale: This patient is likely to

experience severe pain due to her fracture

and inflammation. Pain management is

essential to reduce her discomfort, prevent

complications such as infection, thrombosis

or delirium, and promote healing and

recovery.

3. A 54-year-old man with a history of

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD), smoking and alcohol abuse is

admitted to the hospital with an acute

exacerbation of COPD. He has dyspnea,

wheezes, cough and sputum production.

He is prescribed oxygen therapy,

bronchodilators, corticosteroids and

antibiotics. Which of the following nursing

interventions is most appropriate for this

patient?

a) Assess his respiratory status, oxygen

saturation and sputum characteristics

frequently.

b) Encourage him to quit smoking and