1. You are assessing a 2-day-old neonate who was born at

36 weeks gestation. The neonate has a respiratory rate of

60 breaths per minute, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions,

and grunting. What is the most likely diagnosis for this

neonate?

A) Transient tachypnea of the newborn

B) Respiratory distress syndrome*

C) Meconium aspiration syndrome

D) Pneumonia

Rationale: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused

by a deficiency of surfactant in the lungs, which leads to

alveolar collapse and impaired gas exchange. RDS is more

common in preterm infants, especially those born before 37

weeks gestation. The clinical manifestations of RDS

include tachypnea, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions,

grunting, and cyanosis.

2. You are examining a 3-day-old neonate who was born at

term with a vaginal delivery. The neonate has jaundice,

lethargy, poor feeding, and a high-pitched cry. The total

serum bilirubin level is 25 mg/dL. What is the most

appropriate intervention for this neonate?

A) Phototherapy*

B) Exchange transfusion

C) Intravenous fluids

D) Antibiotics

Rationale: Phototherapy is the treatment of choice for

neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, which is a condition