1. Multiple Choice: Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of symbols and language as core elements of all human interaction? a) Functionalism b) Conflict theory c) Symbolic interactionism d) Social constructionism Answer: c) Symbolic interactionism Rationale: Symbolic interactionism focuses on the use of symbols and language and how their meanings are constructed and interpreted in social interactions. 2. True/False: Social stratification is solely based on individual achievements. Answer: False Rationale: Social stratification is not only determined by individual achievements but also by ascribed statuses, such as race, gender, and family background.