A patient with severe sepsis is being monitored for hemodynamic

stability. Which parameter is most indicative of adequate tissue perfusion?

 A. Central venous pressure (CVP)

 B. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)

 C. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

 D. Cardiac output (CO)

 Answer: C. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

 Rationale: MAP reflects the perfusion pressure driving blood to the

organs and tissues, making it a reliable indicator of tissue perfusion.

A patient in the intensive care unit (ICU) has a CVP reading of 2 mmHg.

What does this value suggest about the patient's fluid status?

 A. Hypovolemia

 B. Euvolemia

 C. Hypervolemia

 D. Normovolemia

 Answer: A. Hypovolemia

 Rationale: A low CVP indicates decreased blood volume and

hypovolemia, which can compromise tissue perfusion.

During a hemodynamic assessment, the nurse notes a widened pulse

pressure in a patient with a head injury. What intervention should the

nurse anticipate?

 A. Administering a diuretic

 B. Preparing for emergent intubation

 C. Elevating the head of the bed

 D. Anticipating an order for a CT scan

 Answer: D. Anticipating an order for a CT scan

 Rationale: A widened pulse pressure in the setting of a head injury may

indicate increased intracranial pressure, necessitating a CT scan to assess

for potential intracranial bleeding or other complications.

Which parameter is most indicative of right ventricular function and

preload?