NURSING MSN 571 FINAL EXAM AND MIDTERM EXAM GRADED A+

Nursing MSN 571 Pharm Midterm and Final Exam, featuring questions and answers for the 2023-2024 academic year. These exams have already been graded A, providing you with the ultimate resource for achieving excellence in your studies. What intervention does the provider take to decrease risk to the patient when prescribing drugs with a narrow therapeutic index? -ANS-- drugs with narrow therapeutic range are more dangerous, provider who is aware of this fact can focus additional attention on monitoring these patients for signs and symptoms of toxicity definition of onset of action -ANS-- Onset of Action: the time it takes a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration after a drug is administered. definition of bioavailability -ANS-- Bioavailability: the amount of an active drug that reaches the systemic circulation from its site of administration. Disintegration time, extended release, capsule coatings, can all effect this. Greatest concern is with drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index. IV administration results in the highest bioavailability. definition of protein binding -ANS-- Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to proteins within the blood. A drug's efficiency may be affected by the degree to which it binds. The less bound a drug is, the more efficiently it can traverse cell membranes or diffuse. definition of loading dose -ANS-- Loading dose: a large initial dose of the drug is given to achieve a rapid minimum effect concentration in the plasma. how to write out a prescription -ANS-- Good to know brand name and generic name (generic is most important), route, dose, frequency. If it is an as needed drug, what is it being prescribed for? A patient is prescribed digoxin. Which screening will the provider order to monitor for potential adverse effects from this drug? -ANS-- digoxin: treats HF and supraventricular dysrhythmias. Heart rate and rhythm should be monitored with periodic ECGs to assess desired effects and signs of toxicity. Baseline and periodic serum creatinine. Periodically monitor electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, calcium) especially if on diuretics. Because this drug has a narrow therapeutic range (0.5-0.8). Monitor plasma drug levels in patients with unchanged symptoms of heart failure after initiation or patient with signs of toxicity- altered heart rate or rhythm, visual or GI disturbances). Patient should be taught to monitor their pulse and know signs of toxicity. What is pharmacodynamic tolerance? -ANS-- Pharmacodynamic tolerance: a state in which a particular dose elicits a smaller response than it did with initial use, results from regular drug use. -intrinsic responsivity of the receptor system diminishes over time What is a side effect of a nonselective b agonist medication? -ANS-- Beta 1: tachycardia, dysrhythmias, angin