1. What is the most appropriate initial action for an EMT who encounters a patient

with severe external bleeding from a leg wound?

A) Apply direct pressure to the wound with a sterile dressing.

B) Elevate the injured leg above the level of the heart.

C) Apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.

D) Pack the wound with hemostatic gauze and bandage it firmly.

Answer: A) Apply direct pressure to the wound with a sterile dressing.

Rationale: Direct pressure is the first and most effective method of controlling

external bleeding. Elevation and tourniquets are not recommended as initial

actions, as they may compromise blood flow and cause tissue damage.

Hemostatic gauze is a last resort option when direct pressure fails.

2. Which of the following is a sign of anaphylactic shock?

A) Flushed skin

B) Bradycardia

C) Wheezes

D) Hypertension

Answer: C) Wheezes

Rationale: Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that causes

bronchoconstriction, leading to wheezes, dyspnea, and hypoxia. Flushed skin,

bradycardia, and hypertension are not typical signs of anaphylaxis.

3. A patient with chest pain and dyspnea has a history of congestive heart failure.

What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?

A) Pulmonary edema

B) Myocardial infarction

C) Pneumothorax

D) Asthma

Answer: A) Pulmonary edema

Rationale: Pulmonary edema is a condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs

due to impaired cardiac function, causing chest pain and dyspnea. It is a common

complication of congestive heart failure. Myocardial infarction, pneumothorax, and