Official June 2024 AQA A-level PHILOSOPHY 7172/2 Paper 2 The metaphysics of God and the metaphysics of mind Merged Question Paper + Mark Scheme Ace your Mocks!!! *jun247172201* IB/M/Jun24/E4 7172/2 For Examiner’s Use Question Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL Wednesday 22 May 2024 Afternoon Time allowed: 3 hours Materials You will need no other materials. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. • Answer all questions. • You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. • You will be assessed on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signature I declare this is my own work. A-level PHILOSOPHY Paper 2 The metaphysics of God and the metaphysics of mind 2 *02* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the Section A box Metaphysics of God Answer all questions in this section. 0 1 What does it mean to say that God is (a) ‘omniscient’ and (b) ‘omnipotent’? [3 marks] 0 2 Explain Descartes’ version of the cosmological argument based on his continuing existence. [5 marks] 3 3 *03* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box Extra space 0 3 Explain how an empiricist might object to the ontological argument as an a priori proof for God’s existence. [5 marks] 5 4 *04* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box Extra space 5 5 *05* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the 0 4 Explain the design argument as presented by Hume and his objection that it fails as it box is an argument from a unique case. [12 marks] 6 *06* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 7 *07* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the Extra space box 12 8 *08* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the 0 5 Can we talk meaningfully about God? box [25 marks] 9 *09* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 10 *10* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 11 *11* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 12 *12* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 13 *13* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 14 *14* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the Extra space box 15 *15* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 25 16 *16* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the Section B box Metaphysics of mind Answer all questions in this section. 0 6 What do functionalists mean when they claim that mental states can be multiply realised? [3 marks] 0 7 Explain Descartes’ conceivability argument for substance dualism. [5 marks] 3 17 *17* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box Extra space 0 8 Explain why the good predictive and explanatory power of folk-psychology is an issue for eliminative materialism. [5 marks] 5 18 *18* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box Extra space 5 19 *19* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the 0 9 Explain box interactionist dualism and the empirical interaction problem facing it. [12 marks] 20 *20* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 21 *21* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the Extra space box 12 22 *22* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the 1 0 box Is philosophical behaviourism correct? [25 marks] 23 *23* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 24 *24* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 25 *25* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 26 *26* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 27 *27* Turn over ► IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box 28 *28* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the Extra space box 29 *29* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box END OF QUESTIONS 25 30 *30* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the There are no questions printed on this page box DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED 31 *31* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box Question number Additional page, if required. Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin. 32 *32* IB/M/Jun24/7172/2 Do not write outside the box Question number Additional page, if required. Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin. Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk. Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. *246A7172/2* A-level PHILOSOPHY 7172/2 Paper 2 The metaphysics of God and the metaphysics of mind Mark scheme June 2024 Version: 1.0 Final *246A7172/2/MS* MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PHILOSOPHY – 7172/2 – JUNE 2024 2 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. No student should be disadvantaged on the basis of their gender identity and/or how they refer to the gender identity of others in their exam responses. A consistent use of ‘they/them’ as a singular and pronouns beyond ‘she/her’ or ‘he/him’ will be credited in exam responses in line with existing mark scheme criteria. Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk Copyright information AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PHILOSOPHY – 7172/2 – JUNE 2024 3 Level of response marking instructions Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The descriptor for the level shows the performance at the mid-point of the level. There are marks in each level. For the 3 and 5 mark questions that have only 1 mark in each level you need only apply step 1 below. To support you in your marking, you will have standardisation scripts. These have been marked by the Lead Examiner at the correct standard. Generally, you will have a standardisation script to exemplify the standard for each level of the mark scheme for a particular item. Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme. Step 1 Determine a level Start by reading the whole of the student’s response and then, using the mark scheme level descriptors and the standardisation scripts, place the response in the level which it matches or best fits. When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. Step 2 Determine a mark Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. Start with the middle mark of the level and then look at the student’s response in comparison with the level descriptor and the standardisation script. If the student’s response is better than the standardisation script, award a mark above the mid-point of the level. If the student’s response is weaker than the standardisation script, award a mark below the mid-point of the level. For the 25 mark questions examiners should bear in mind the relative weightings of the assessment objectives and be careful not to over/under credit a particular skill. This will be exemplified and reinforced as part of examiner training. Guidance You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate. Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be exhaustive and you must credit other appropriate points. Students do not have to cover all of the points mentioned in the Indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme. An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded zero marks. MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PHILOSOPHY – 7172/2 – JUNE 2024 4 Section A Metaphysics of God 0 1 What does it mean to say that God is (a) ‘omniscient’ and (b) ‘omnipotent’? [3 marks] AO1 = 3 Marks Levels of response mark scheme 3 A full and correct answer, given precisely, with little or no redundancy. 2 The substantive content of the answer is correct, but there may be some redundancy or minor imprecision. 1 Relevant, but fragmented, points. 0 Nothing written worthy of credit. Indicative content Two attributes of God are in focus here. Students may place these within the context of the wider set of (classical) attributes of God (who may be defined, for example, as a ‘supremely perfect being’). This is certainly not necessary, but students should not be penalised for redundancy if they take this approach. Most students will probably refer to ‘God’, but others may refer to ‘divine being’, ‘supreme being’, ‘being’, or ‘entity’. They may also use various pronouns. This does not matter, so long as it is clear that these qualities are being attributed (to God) and not simply terms that are defined in the abstract. (a) Omniscient: here are some ways in which God's omniscience might be understood: • God knows all true propositions. • God knows everything that it is (logically) possible to know. • God has maximal knowledge in the sense that God’s knowledge is not exceeded by any other (possible) being (and is consistent with God’s other attributes). • God has unlimited (or infinite) knowledge. • God possesses perfect knowledge. There is no expectation for the term ‘knowledge’ itself to be defined here. (b) Omnipotent: here are some ways in which God's omnipotence might be understood: • God can perform all actions / bring about all states of affairs (that are logically possible). • God has maximal power in the sense that God’s power is not exceeded by any other (possible) being (and is consistent with God’s other attributes). • God has unlimited power (or infinite) power. • God possesses perfect power. There is no expectation for the term ‘power’ itself to be defined here