QuestionI1 0.125Iout IofI0.125Ipoints All Ithe IfollowingIstress-inducedIhormonesIincrease IbloodIglucoseIexcept SelectedIAnswer: c. Ialdosterone. I Correct IAnswer: c. Ialdosterone. Response IFeedback : AldosteroneIresultsIinIwaterIandIsodiumIretentionIandIpotassiumIloss IinIthe Iurine. IIt IdoesInot Iaffect IbloodIglucose. ICortisol IisIa Iglucocorticoid IsecretedIbyIthe Iadrenal Icortex. ICortisol Istimulates IgluconeogenesisIinIthe Iliver, IthusIincreasingIbloodIglucose. Norepinephrine IinhibitsIinsulinIsecretion, IthusIincreasingIblood Isugar. IEpinephrine IincreasesIglucose Irelease IfromIthe Iliver Iand IinhibitsIinsulinIsecretion, IthusIincreasingIbloodIglucose. • QuestionI2 0Iout IofI0.125Ipoints TheImost IcommonItumor-suppressorIgeneIdefect IidentifiedIinIcancerIcellsIis ISelectedIAnswer: c. IRb. Correct IAnswer: b. IP53. Response IFeedback : The Imost IcommonItumor-suppressorIgene Idefect IidentifiedIin Icancer IcellsIinvolvesIP53. IMore IthanIhalfIofIall ItypesIofIhumanItumorsIlack Ifunctional IP53, IwhichIinhibitsIcell Icycling. IRb, IDC, Iand IAPCIare Inot Ithe Imost IcommonItumor-suppressorIgene IdefectsIidentifiedIin Icancer Icells. • QuestionI3 0.125Iout IofI0.125Ipoints Necrotic IdeathIofIbrainItissue IusuallyIproduces necrosis. ISelectedIAnswer: d. Iliquefactive Correct IAnswer: d. Iliquefactive PATHOI370 ITESTI1 Response IFeedback : Liquefactive InecrosisIisIproducedIwhenIbrainItissueIdies, IasIit IisIrich IinIenzymesIand IhasIlittle Iconnective Itissue. ICoagulative Inecrosis IoccursIfromIischemic IinjuryIinIanyItissue. ICaseousInecrosisIoccursIin IlungItissue Idamaged IbyItuberculosis. IFat InecrosisIoccursIinIadipose I(fat)Itissue. • QuestionI4 0.125Iout IofI0.125Ipoints YourIpatient IeatsI“lotsIofIfat,”IleadsIa I“stressful” Ilife, IandIhasIsmokedI“about Itwo IpacksIa IdayIforItheIlast I40Iyears.”IHerIchronic ImorningIcoughIrecentlyIworsened, Iand Ishe IwasIdiagnosed IwithIa IlungImass. IThe Imost IlikelyIcontributing IfactorIfor Idevelopment IofIlungIcancerIinIthisIpatient Iis SelectedIAnswer: b. IcigaretteIsmoking. ICorrect IAnswer: b. IcigaretteIsmoking. Response IFeedback : The Imost IlikelyIcontributing IfactorIforIthe Idevelopment IofIlung IcancerIisIcigaretteIsmoking. ITobaccoIsmoke IcontainsIhundredsIof Icompounds, ImanyIofIwhichIhave IknownIgenotoxicityIandIprobably Iserve IasIinitiators. ITobaccoIsmoke IalsoIcontainsIpromoters, Iwhich IspurIthe Imutant IcellsItoIproliferate. IAlthoughIa Ihigh-fat Idiet, Iurban Ipollutants, IandIa Istressful Ilifestyle Ihave IbeenIimplicatedIinIsome ItypesIofIcancer, ItheyIare Inot ItheIlikelyIcontributingIfactorIinIyour Ipatient’sIlungIcancer. • QuestionI5 0.125Iout IofI0.125Ipoints InIgeneral, IwithIaging, IorganIsizeIandIfunction ISelectedIAnswer: a. Idecrease. Correct IAnswer: a. Idecrease. ResponseIFeedback: InIgeneral, IwithIaging, IorganIsizeIandIfunctionIdecrease. • QuestionI6 0.125Iout IofI0.125Ipoints PATHOI370 ITESTI1 TheIhypermetabolicIstateIleadingItoIcachexia IinIterminal IcancerIisIthought ItoIbeIbecause Iof SelectedIAnswer: a. ItumorInecrosisIfactor. ICorrect IAnswer: a. ItumorInecrosisIfactor. Response IFeedback : ProductionIofItumorInecrosisIfactorI(TNF)IandIotherIimmune IcytokinesIisIthought ItoIbeIimportant IinIproducingIthe Ihypermetabolic IstateIleadingItoIcachexia IinIcancer. IAngiogenesisIisIthe Idevelopment IofInewIbloodIvesselsItoIfeedIthe Itumor; Iit IisInot Ia Icause IofIthe Ihypermetabolic IstateIleadingItoIcachexia IinIterminal Icancer. ILossIof IATPIproductionIandIpainImedicationsIisInot IcausesIofIthe Ihypermetabolic IstateIleadingItoIcachexiaIinIterminalIcancer. • QuestionI7 0.125Iout IofI0.125Ipoints AnIincreaseIinIorganIsizeIandIfunctionIcausedIbyIincreasedIworkloadIisItermed ISelectedIAnswer: d. Ihypertrophy. Correct IAnswer: d. Ihypertrophy. Response IFeedback : IncreasedIfunctionIofIanIorganIsuchIasIthe Iheart IorIskeletalImuscle IresultsIinIorganIhypertrophyIbecause IofIcellularIenlargement. AtrophyIrefersItoIreductionIinIsize IofIanIorganIbecause IofIcellular Ishrinkage. IMetaplasia IrefersItoIreplacement IofIone IdifferentiatedIcell Itype IwithIanother. IInflammationIresultsIfromIimmuneIresponse Irather IthanIworkload. • QuestionI8 0.125Iout IofI0.125Ipoints TheIstageIduringIwhichItheIpatient IfunctionsInormally, IalthoughItheIdiseaseIprocesses IareIwell Iestablished, IisIreferred ItoIas SelectedIAnswer: c. Isubclinical. I Correct IAnswer: c. Isubclinical. Response IFeedback : The Istage IduringIwhichIthe Ipatient IfunctionsInormally, IalthoughIthe IdiseaseIprocessesIareIwell Iestablished, IisIcalledIthe Isubclinical Istag