What congenital abnormality should be considered with a child who *frequently squats?* {{Ans- Tetralogy of Fallot What is the medical *treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?* {{Ans-Indomethacin What are *painless lesions on the hands* which occur with endocarditis? {{Ans- Janeway lesions What are *painful lesions on the hands* which occur with endocarditis? {{Ans-Osler's nodes = "Ouch" What is the *pathognomonic echocardiogram finding in pericardial tamponade?* {{Ans- Collapse of the right ventricle You have performed pericardiocentesis. How do you ensure you are in the pericardial space? {{Ans- Blood evacuated from the pericardial space does not clot What is the rise in jugular pressure which occurs with inspiration in a patient with pericardial tamponade called? {{Ans- Kussmaul sign What are the *3 "D" findings of pericardial tamponade?* {{Ans- Distant heart sounds - Distended jugular veins - Decreased arterial pressure What is the diameter of an *aortic aneurysm* at which surgical intervention is recommended? {{Ans- > 5.4 cm What is the recommended initial treatment for a Stanford type B aortic dissection? {{Ans- Medical treatment What is the recommended initial treatment for a Stanford type A aortic dissection? {{Ans- Surgical management What is the Stanford classification of an aortic dissection of the descending aorta? {{Ans- Type B What is the initial dose of clopidogrel (Plavix) in acute MI? {{Ans- 300 mg Should heparin or enoxaparin (Lovenox) be used for a patient with a CrCl < 15 xss=removed xss=removed> 180/120 with end organ dysfunction define? {{Ans- Hypertensive emergency Use of which antihypertensive medications is cautioned after recent MI? {{Ans- Minoxidil - Clonidine Use of which antihypertensive medications is cautioned after cataract surgery? {{Ans- Alpha blockers Which antihypertensive medications are contraindicated with bradycardia or heart block? {{Ans- Beta blockers -Non-dihydropyridine CCB - Central agents (clonidine) Which antihypertensive medications are contraindicated with asthma and isolated PAD? {{Ans- Beta blockers Which antihypertensive medications are contraindicated with pregnancy? {{Ans- ACE inhibitors - Angiotensin II receptor blockers - Thiazide diuretics - Direct renin inhibitors Which antihypertensive medications are contraindicated with renal artery stenosis? {{Ans- ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (Note: caution with direct renin inhibitors) What class of medication should you think of when you see the suffix "azosin"? {{Ans- Alpha blockers - example doxAZOSIN What class of medication should you think of when you see the suffix "dipine"? {{Ans- Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers - example amloDIPINE What class of medication should you think of when you see the suffix "sartan"? {{Ans- Angiotension II receptor blockers - example loSARTAN What class of medication should you think of when you see the suffix "olol"? {{Ans- Beta blockers - example metoprOLOL What class of medication should you think of when you see the suffix "pril"? {{Ans- ACE inhibitors - example enalaPRIL Which antihypertensive medications can cause hyperuricemia? {{Ans- Thiazide diuretics (e.g. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) - Chlorthalidone) Which antihypertensive medications can cause hypokalemia? {{Ans- Thiazide diuretics (e.g. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) - Chlorthalidone) Which antihypertensive medications can cause edema? {{Ans- Dihydropyridine CCB (e.g. amlodipine nifedipine) - Benzothiazepine CCB (diltiazem) - Minoxidil Which antihypertensive medications can cause diarrhea? {{Ans- Direct renin inhibitors Which antihypertensive medications can cause constipation? {{Ans- Verapamil - Central agents (clonidine) Which antihypertensive medications can cause AV block? {{Ans-Non-dihydropyridine CCB - Central agents (clonidine) Which antihypertensive medications can cause depression? {{Ans-Beta blockers - Central agents (clonidine) Which antihypertensive medications can cause bradycardia? {{Ans- Beta blockers -Non-dihydropyridine CCB - Central agents (clonidine) Which antihypertensive medications can cause cough? {{Ans- ACE inhibitors Which antihypertensive medications can cause hyperkalemia? {{Ans- ACE inhibitors - Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) - Direct renin inhibitors - Aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone) Which antihypertensive medications can cause angioedema? {{Ans- ACE inhibitors - Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) - Direct renin inhibitors What is the treatment for constrictive cardiomyopathy? {{Ans-Pericardial stripping What is the most common cause of constrictive cardiomyopathy? {{Ans- Radiation therapy List 6 causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy. {{Ans-Amyloidosis - Hemochromatosis - Sarcoidosis - Scleroderma - Fibrosis - Cancer List two types of surgical procedures to correct HOCM {{Ans-Open heart and excision - Alcohol ablation done through cardiac cath What heart sound will likely be present with HOCM? {{Ans- S4 List three medications which may be used both to prevent arrhythmia and ease symptoms with HOCM. {{Ans- Diuretics - Beta blockers -Non-dihydropyridine CCB (verapamil or diltiazem) Once a patient is diagnosed with HOCM what family counseling must be done? {{Ans- Entire family must be screened for HOCM