Paraphilia – An abnormal or defective kind of attraction or uncommon sexual expression. Classified into two categories: Coercive & Non-Coercive Reasons why there are only male paraphiliacs:  Males are more easily conditioned by their sexual experiences and by objects associated with those experiences.  Females have greater innate sexual preferences and therefore require less learning to establish their sexual preferences, which leads to less “error”.  Females are less likely to learn sexual responses to abnormal stimuli due to the lack of a clear genital signal (erect penis).  Men’s sensitivity to visual stimuli as well as the strong biofeedback supplied by the penis  Males and females exhibit differences in cerebral organization/ brain development & in the effects of prenatal hormones  Males have less erotic plasticity than females, except during a brief developmental window in childhood. Coercive vs. Non-coercive Paraphilias: Non-coercive:  Fetishism – Sexual arousal primarily f/ body part or inanimate object. Symbolic transformation, rarely harmful to others.  Transvestic Fetishism – Sexual arousal f/ wearing clothes of the other sex. As a diagnostic category, term is applied to only heterosexual men. Rarely harmful to others.  Sexual Sadism – Sexual arousal f/ giving pain. Difficult to label b/c some behaviors are common  Sexual Masochism - Sexual arousal f/ receiving pain/bondage. Also difficult to label b/c some behaviors are common.  Autoerotic asphyxia  Klismaphilia – Receiving enemas  Coprophilia – Contact w/ feces  Urophilia – Contact w/ urine Coercive:  Exhibitionism – Exposing genitals to unwilling other. Some offenders commit more serious crimes. Tend to be hyperactive. Suggested response: calmly ignore it, leave immediately, report to authorities ASAP.  Obscene phone callers – Sexual arousal f/ response to call. Usually a