1. What is the definition of a drought?

a) A deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of

time, resulting in a water shortage.

b) A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading

to a shortage of water for drinking, irrigation, and other

uses.

c) A natural disaster that occurs when rainfall is

significantly below normal levels, causing serious

hydrological imbalances.

d) All of the above. *

Rationale: Drought is a complex phenomenon that can be

defined in different ways depending on the context and the

impacts. All of the above definitions are valid and capture

different aspects of drought.

2. How does climate change exacerbate droughts?

a) By increasing the frequency, duration, and intensity of

dry spells. *

b) By decreasing the variability and unpredictability of

rainfall patterns.

c) By enhancing the evaporation and transpiration of water

from land surfaces and plants.

d) Both a and c. *

Rationale: Climate change affects the hydrological cycle in

various ways, such as altering the distribution and timing of

precipitation, increasing the atmospheric demand for

moisture, and changing the land surface conditions. These

factors can increase the likelihood and severity of droughts

in many regions.