1. What is the significance of synaptic pruning in neurodevelopment, and how does it affect cognitive and emotional outcomes in adolescence? - A) It increases the number of synapses, enhancing cognitive function - B) It decreases neural connectivity, leading to cognitive deficits - C) It refines neural networks by eliminating excess synapses, which can lead to more efficient brain function - D) It has no significant impact on brain development - Answer: C) Synaptic pruning is a natural process that refines neural networks by eliminating excess synapses, leading to more efficient brain function. This process is crucial during adolescence as it affects cognitive and emotional development. 2. How does early life stress influence neurodevelopmental pathways, and what are the potential long-term effects on mental health? - A) Early life stress has no impact on neurodevelopmental pathways - B) It can alter neurodevelopmental pathways, potentially leading to resilience in later life - C) It may disrupt neurodevelopmental pathways, increasing the risk of mental health disorders - D) It enhances neurodevelopmental pathways, improving cognitive abilities - Answer: C) Early life stress can disrupt neurodevelopmental pathways, which may increase the risk of developing mental health disorders later in life. 3. In the context of neurodevelopment, what role do neurotrophic factors play, and how might their dysregulation contribute to