Question 1:

Mary is a 35-year-old woman who has been feeling sad, hopeless, and

worthless for the past two weeks. She has lost interest in her hobbies and

activities that she used to enjoy. She has trouble sleeping, eating, and

concentrating. She often thinks about death and suicide. She has no

history of substance abuse or medical conditions.

What is the most likely diagnosis for Mary?

A) Bipolar I disorder

B) Bipolar II disorder

C) Major depressive disorder

D) Persistent depressive disorder

Answer: C) Major depressive disorder

Rationale: Mary meets the criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD),

which is a mood disorder characterized by at least one episode of

depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in most or all activities,

lasting for at least two weeks, and causing significant impairment in

functioning. MDD is also associated with other symptoms such as

insomnia or hypersomnia, appetite changes, fatigue, difficulty thinking or

concentrating, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and recurrent thoughts of

death or suicide. Mary does not have any history or symptoms of mania or

hypomania, which are required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder or

bipolar II disorder. Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) is a mood

disorder that involves chronic low-grade depression that lasts for at least

two years, but it is less severe than MDD.

Question 2:

John is a 22-year-old college student who has been experiencing episodes

of extreme euphoria, increased energy, racing thoughts, and impulsive

behavior for the past week. He has been spending money recklessly,

engaging in risky sexual activities, and skipping classes. He also has