An educated guess, the second step in the research process is called a(n) - ANShypothesis Which of the following is an example of a cognitive activity? - ANS-dreaming A medical doctor who specializes in treating psychological problems is a - ANSpsychiatrist Psychology involves the study of behavior in - ANS-animals and humans Jean Piaget is best described as a(n) - ANS-developmental psychologist Which of the following is not a goal of psychology? - ANS-assumption Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs was an example of - ANS-classical conditioning The divisions of the APA represent - ANS-specialties in psychology Cognitivists concern themselves with the way in which information is - ANSprocessed, stored, retrieved, and used Psychology has come a long way since the study of bumps on skulls to predict behavior which was known as - ANS-phrenology Forensic psychologists take part in - ANS-testimony at criminal trials the selection of police officers the handling of hostage crises The concept of reinforcement shows that - ANS-people learn by being rewarded for their behavior In an experiment it is useful to have a control group to - ANS-show the effect of the treatment and no other factors The longitudinal method is concerned with observing - ANS-the ways in which people change over time Observing the way people eat in restaurants is an example of - ANS-naturalistic observation A placebo is often as effective as taking a medication because - ANS-a person's expectations affect the results of the treatment Scientists sometime replicate a study using different participants in order to - ANSmake sure the findings are true for different groups A double-blind study is sometimes needed because researchers - ANS-may have expectations that affect their observations Participants in an experiment who are exposed to the independent variable make up the ____________ group. - ANS-experimental One method that helps researchers gather information from many people is - ANS-a survey When neither the participants nor the experimenter knows which group of participants is the experimental one, the study is known as a - ANS-double-blind study The most commonly used measure of central tendency is the - ANS-mean What is the mode in the following distribution: 63,75,75,79,82,82,84,84,84,91,95,99. - ANS-84 The variable that experimenters manipulate is called the ___________ variable. - ANS-independent To ensure that a sample represents a target population, researchers select - ANSpeople at random from the target population If you subtract the lowest score from the highest score, you are determining the - ANS-range The results of the Milgram experiment implied that individuals could easily inflict pain on others if such orders were issued by a - ANS-respected authority A graph that demonstrates that direction of the relationship between two variables is called a(n) - ANS-scatterplot The relationship between smoking cigarettes and leading a long, healthy life is an example of a(n) - ANS-negative correlation The situation in which the researcher's expectations influence the researcher's own behavior and thereby influence the participant's behavior is called a(n) - ANS-selffulfilling prophecy Simone, a typical adolescent, will most likely turn to her peers for advice on - ANSfashion. Depressed teenagers generally appear to be - ANS-sad. An androgynous role is one that - ANS-combines traditional male and female characteristics. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of girls who mature early? - ANS-They are proud of height and figure at first.