1. What are the four core competencies of public health nursing leadership, according to the Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations? (4 points) - Answer: The four core competencies are: population health assessment, policy development and advocacy, assurance of access and quality, and evaluation and research. 2. What is the difference between transactional and transformational leadership styles in public health nursing? (2 points) - Answer: Transactional leadership focuses on maintaining the status quo, rewarding or punishing followers based on their performance, and using authority and power to achieve goals. Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and empowering followers, creating a shared vision and values, and fostering innovation and change. 3. What are some of the challenges that public health nurses face as leaders in the 21st century? (4 points) - Answer: Some of the challenges are: addressing the social determinants of health and health inequities, collaborating with diverse stakeholders and partners, adapting to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and environmental hazards, integrating technology and informatics into practice, and promoting ethical and culturally competent care. 4. What are some of the strategies that public health nurses can use to enhance their leadership skills and competencies? (4 points) - Answer: Some of the strategies are: pursuing continuing education and professional development opportunities, seeking mentorship and coaching from experienced leaders, participating in interprofessional teams and networks, engaging in self-reflection and feedback, and advocating for their role and value in the health system. 5. What are some of the benefits of applying a systems thinking approach to public health nursing leadership? (3 points) - Answer: Some of the benefits are: understanding the interrelationships and interdependencies among various elements of a complex system, identifying leverage points and root causes of problems, designing interventions that address multiple levels and dimensions of a system, and evaluating the short-term and long-term impacts of actions.