An OT is preparing to evaluate a toddler who has UE orthopedic concerns. How will the OT MOST likely obtain the majority of the initial assessment data? a. measurement tools that assess visual-motor skills. b. dynamometer and pinch meter readings. c. Observation of a child during activities in the child-care center. d. Functional independence measures. C. observation of a child during activities in the child-care center. Through observation of the child, the OT can collect information about the child's motor performance skills and participation in activities that require UE/hand skill. Naturalistic observation is a method of ecologic assessment which is a "primary mechanism for obtaining data relevant to the child's performance context." The other answer choices are all appropriate choices after the child is old enough for these assessments. During an initial eval, the OT suspects that a child has somatodyspraxia. In what area should the OT focus on the eval? a. ability to print or write b. reading competency c. math calculations d. new motor task planning D. New motor task planning Somatodyspraxia is described as a deficit in learning new motor skills, planning new motor actions, and generalizing motor plans. Inability to print or write is termed dysgraphia. Dyslexia means dysfunction in reading, and dyscalculia is the term for inability to perform mathematics. 00:0201:36 An OT working in a long-term care facility needs to eval the long-term memory of a resident. Which of the following methods is BEST for evaluating memory of personally experienced events (declarative memory). a. show the person a series of objects and ask him to recall the objects within 60 seconds b. ask the individual how he spent New Years. c. have the individual state the place, date, and time. d. ask the client to remember to bring a specific item to the next therapy session. B. ask the individual how he spent New Years Declarative memory is one aspect of long term memory and includes conscious memory of events, knowledge, or facts. It is commonly assessed through verbal interviews and informal testing such as asking a question about a persons recall of personal events. Working memory refers to the temporary storage of information while one is attending to it (answer A). Prospective memory involves the ability to remember intentions or activities that will be required in the future (answer D). Knowing time, date, and place is orientation. A child avoids playground equipment that requires her feet to be off the ground. What does this behavior MOST likely indicate? a. difficulty modulating proprioception b. somatodyspraxia c. gravitational insecurity d. bilateral integration/sequencing deficits. C. Gravitational insecurity. gravitational insecurity is described as fear response to movement. Tactile defensiveness (answer A) is a term used to describe discomfort with various textures with unexpected touch. Somatodyspraxia interferes with development of bodyscheme and awareness. Bilateral integration relates to ability to coordinate, sequence, and execute motor actions quickly and efficiently. When the OT suspects tactile defensiveness as a rational for a child's challenges, in what area of participation should the OT focus on FIRST? a. play behavior b. dressing habits c. social skills d. leisure interests b. dressing habits Children with tactile defensiveness are bothered by tactile aspects of ADLs including specific types of clothing. The child may avoid wearing certain clothes. Conversely, some children may never take their shoes off to avoid tactile stimulation. Play behavior and social skills could be affected secondarily as a result of intolerance to certain textures or human touch. Knowledge of the child's dressing habits will give the OT key information at the start of the evaluation process. An OT is working with an individual with schizophrenia who is in the process of preparing to move from a state hospital to a group home. During a baking group, the client becomes agitated and leaves the room when another client uses the electric hand mixer to mix the cake batter, and again when two clients begin to argue loudly about which type of icing to use. How would the OT BEST describe this behavior? a. low registration b. sensory avoiding c. sensory seeking d. a hearing impairment b. sensory avoiding The individual's actions are indicative of sensory avoiding behavior, characterized by low threshold to stimuli perceived as noxious, followed by an active response such as leaving the room. Individuals with sensory avoiding behavior may become distressed in situations in which they cannot control the environment. An individual with low registration, sensory seeking behavior, or a hearing impairment would not have difficulty with the auditory stimulation. During a self-care eval of an individual who recently sustained a brain injury, the OT instructs the individual to comb his hair immediately after he washes his face. The individual washes his face quickly, but then the therapist must give him several reminders to comb his hair. The OT is MOST likely to identify this as a deficit in what area? a. working memory b. judgement c. hearing d. abstraction