ADDIE - ✔✔-Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation Instructional systems design (ISD) framework consisting of five steps that guide the design and development of learning programs. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) - ✔✔-Umbrella term for the various approaches and techniques, other than litigation, that can be used to resolve a dispute (e.g., arbitration, conciliation, mediation). Analytics - ✔✔-Tools that add context or sub-classifying comparison groups to data so that the data can be used for decision support. Applicant tracking system (ATS) - ✔✔-Software application that automates organizations' management of the recruiting process (e.g., accepting application materials, screening applicants). Arbitration - ✔✔-Method of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) by which disputing parties agree to be bound by the decision of one or more impartial persons to whom they submit their dispute for final determination. Assessment center - ✔✔-Process by which job candidates or employees are evaluated to determine their suitability and/or readiness for employment, training, promotion or an assignment. Balance sheet - ✔✔-Statement of an organization's financial position at a specific point in time, showing assets, liabilities and shareholder equity. Balanced scorecard - ✔✔-Performance management tool that depicts an organization's overall performance, as measured against goals, lagging indicators and leading indicators. Benchmarking - ✔✔-Process by which an organization identifies performance gaps and sets goals for performance improvement, by comparing its data, performance levels and/or processes against those of other organizations. Benefits - ✔✔-Mandatory or voluntary payments or services provided to employees, typically covering retirement, health care, sick pay/disability, life insurance and paid time off (PTO). Bias - ✔✔-Conscious or unconscious beliefs that influence a person's perceptions or actions, which may cause that person to become partial or prejudiced. Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) - ✔✔-Factor (e.g., gender, religion, national origin) that is reasonably necessary, in the normal operations of an organization, to carry out a particular job function. Business case - ✔✔-Tool or document that defines a specific problem, proposes a solution, and provides justifications for the proposal in terms of time, cost efficiency and probability of success. Business intelligence - ✔✔-Raw data, internal and external to an organization, that is translated into meaningful information for decision makers to use in taking strategic action. Business unit - ✔✔-Element or segment of an organization that represents a specific business function (e.g., accounting, marketing, production); also, may be called department, division, group, cost center or functional area. Buy-in - ✔✔-Process by which a person or group provides a sustained commitment in support of a decision, approach, solution or course of action. Career development - ✔✔-Progression through a series of employment stages characterized by relatively unique issues, themes and tasks. Career mapping - ✔✔-Process by which organizations use visual tools or guides to depict prototypical or exemplary career possibilities and paths, in terms of sequential positions, roles and stages. Career pathing - ✔✔-Process by which employers provide employees with a clear outline for moving from a current to a desired position. Cash flow statement - ✔✔-Statement of an organization's ability to meet its current and short-term obligations, showing incoming and outgoing cash and cash reserves in operations, investments and financin