Chapter 1: The Human Organism Student Learning Outcomes After reading this chapter, students should be able to: 1.1A Define anatomy. 1.1B Describe the levels at which anatomy can be studied. 1.1C Define physiology. 1.1D Describe the levels at which physiology can be studied. 1.1E Explain the importance of the relationship between structure and function. 1.2A Explain why it is important to study other organisms along with humans. 1.3A Name the six levels of organization of the body. 1.3B Describe the major characteristics of the six levels of organization. 1.3C List the 11 organ systems and identify their components. 1.3D Describe the major functions of each system. 1.4A List and define the six characteristics of life. 1.5A Define homeostasis. 1.5B Explain why homeostasis is important for proper body function. 1.5C Describe a negative-feedback mechanism and give an example. 1.5D Describe a positive-feedback mechanism and give an example. 1.6A Describe a person in the anatomical position. 1.6B Define the directional terms for the human body and use them to locate specific body structures. 1.6C Know the terms for the parts and regions of the body. 1.6D Name and describe the three major planes of the body. 1.6E Name and describe the three major ways to cut an organ. 1.6F Describe the major trunk cavities and their divisions. 1.6G Locate organs in their specific cavity, abdominal quadrant, or region. 1.6H Describe the serous membranes, their locations, and their functions. Chapter Outline 1.1 Anatomy and Physiology 1. Anatomy is the study of the body’s structures.  Developmental anatomy considers anatomical changes from conception to adulthood. Embryology focuses on the first 8 weeks of development.  Cytology examines c