Formative assessment Assessment during instruction. Ongoing assessment that checks for understanding while teaching and learning are still happening. Ex: Observations, discussions, questioning, exit cards, peer and self-assessment. Standardized assessment Any form of test that (1) requires all test takers to answer the same questions, and (2) is scored in a consistent manner. Ex: Multiple-choice test Performance assessment It is the application of knowledge, skills, and work habits through the performance of tasks that are meaningful and engaging to students. EX: demonstrating proficiency in using a piece of equipment; developing athletic skills; playing musical instruments; building models; writing essays; oral presentations; Authentic task This requires the student to use knowledge or skills to produce a product or complete a performance Diagnostic assessment Assessment before instruction. Assessment of students' knowledge and skills prior to beginning a learning segment. Ex: Pretest Summative assessment Traditional assessment after instruction. Ex: standardized assessments Norm-referenced assessment Assessment that reports how students performed compared to students who have already taken the exam. Diphthong two adjacent vowels in one word. Realia Objects or materials f