Table of Contents Chapter 1—Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry 2 Chapter 2—The Chemical Context of Life 14 Chapter 3—Water and Life 28 Chapter 4—Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life 42 Chapter 5—The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules 57 Chapter 6—A Tour of the Cell 73 Chapter 7—Membrane Structure and Function 87 Chapter 8—An Introduction to Metabolism 104 Chapter 9—Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 122 Chapter 10—Photosynthesis 138 Chapter 11—Cell Communication 156 Chapter 12—The Cell Cycle 171 Chapter 13—Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles 186 Chapter 14—Mendel and the Gene Idea 201 Chapter 15—The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance 216 Chapter 16—The Molecular Basis of Inheritance 231 Chapter 17—Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein 246 Chapter 18—Regulation of Gene Expression 262 Chapter 19—Viruses 276 Chapter 20—DNA Tools and Biotechnology 291 Chapter 21—Genomes and Their Evolution 305 Chapter 22—Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 315 Chapter 23—The Evolution of Populations 331 Chapter 24—The Origin of Species 349 Chapter 25—The History of Life on Earth 367 Chapter 26—Phylogeny and the Tree of Life 382 Chapter 27—Bacteria and Archaea