Short Answer 1. Because without it, the computer could not run software. 2. A bit that is turned on represents 1, and a bit that is turned off represents 0. 3. A digital device 4. Keywords 5. mnemonics 6. A compiler is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. The machine language program can then be executed any time it is needed. An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program. As the interpreter reads each individual instruction in the program, it converts it to a machine language instruction and then immediately executes it. Because interpreters combine translation and execution, they typically do not create separate machine language programs. 7. Operating system 8. Pseudocode is an informal language used to write out the steps of an algorithm. A flowchart is a diagram that graphically depicts the steps of an algorithm. 9. In a text-based environment, such as a command line interface, programs determine the order in which things happen. 10. A class specifies the data that an object can hold (the object’s fields and properties), and the actions that an object can perform (the object’s methods). 11. No, because C# provides only the basic keywords and operators that you need to construct a program. In addition to the C# language, you need the .NET platform. .NET is a collection of classes and other code that can be used, along with a programming language such as C#, to create programs for the Windows operating system. 12. (1) The Toolbox (2) The Designer window (3) The Solution Explorer (4) The Properties win