1. Which statement best describes evidence-based practice (EBP)? a. A combination of best research evidence, clinical expertise, and the needs and values of patients b. A determination of the factors necessary to control patient responses to care and delivery of care c. The development of population care guidelines applicable to all patients d. The utilization of quantitative and qualitative studies to enhance patient outcomes ANS: A Evidence-based practice evolves from the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient needs and values. Studies that attempt to find determinants of patient outcomes are generally experimental or quasi-experimental. They may be used to guide EBP but do not completely define it. EBP is a combination of guidelines and specific patient needs and values. Quantitative and qualitative studies applied to the evaluation of patient outcomes are part of EBP but do not completely define EBP. DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering (Knowledge) 2. The nurse is collecting data about the sleep patterns of breastfed babies as part of a larger research study. Which researNch mRethIod GwillBth.eCnurMse use when collecting data for this study? a. Control b. Description c. Explanation d. Prediction ANS: B U S N T O Description involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the relationships among these phenomena. Control can be described as the ability to write a prescription to produce the desired results. Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and identifies why certain events occur. Through prediction, the probability of a specific outcome can be estimated in a given situation. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding (Comprehension) 3. The nurse is participating in a study and is collecting data identifying the number of obese adults whose parents were also obese or overweight. Which research method is being used in this study? a. Control b. Description c. Explanation d. Prediction ANS: D Through prediction, the probability of a specific outcome can be estimated in a given situation. By knowing the percentage of parents of obese adults who were obese, the probability of predicting this may be calculated. Control indicates the ability to use a prescribed intervention to produce the desired results. Description involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the relationships among these phenomena. Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and identifies why certain events occur. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying (Application) 4. The nurse reviews a study in which adherence to an asthma action plan is compared among groups of young adults who received different asthma education. Which research method does this represent? a. Control b. Description c. Explanation d. Prediction ANS: C Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and identifies why certain events occur. Control indicates the ability to use a prescribed intervention to produce the desired results. Description involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the relationships among these phenomena. Through prediction, the probability of a specific outcome can be estimated in a given situation. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying (Application) 5. A nurse manager is interested NiUn RleSar IniNng GTwh Bic .h CaOtti Mtudes among staff nurses may indicate relative risk of needle-stick injuries. To study this, the nurse manager will employ which method of study? a. Control b. Description c. Explanation d. Prediction ANS: D Through prediction, the probability of a specific outcome can be estimated in a given situation. Control indicates the ability to use a prescribed intervention to produce the desired results. Description involves identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the relationships among these phenomena. Explanation clarifies the relationships among phenomena and identifies why certain events occur. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying (Application) 6. Which is the most important result of Florence Nightingale’s data collection and statistical analysis during the Crimean War? a. Bringing awareness of the rigors of war to the general public in relation to care practices b. Developing a process for statistical analysis and nursing documentation c. Identifying and defining the role of nurses in modern health care d. Using clinical research to evaluate the need for sanitation, clean drinking water