UTA 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Summer Test 3
Questions and Answers Rated A+
Mitral Valve Stenosis ✔✔- Characterized by NARROWING of mitral valve
- Normal is 4-6 cm
-Narrowed is less than 2.5 cm
- Caused by RHEUMATIC FEVER
-More common in WOMEN
-Oxygenated blood comes back into heart into the left atrium and down through the mitral
valve to the left ventricle
- Complex: Stenosis leads to volume/pressure in left atrium, which results in atrial
hypertrophy/dilation, which increases pressure/volume in the pulmonary circulation & causes
PULMONARY EDEMA
- Simplified: Skinny mitral valve doesn't let blood pass through easily, so blood backs up into the
left atrium and causes it to swell, then backs up into the lung and causes resp. symptoms
-S/sx: dyspnea, hemoptysis, a-fib, dysphagia, pulmonary hypertension
Mitral Valve Regurgitation ✔✔-Characterized by INCOMPLETE CLOSURE of mitral valve
-Caused by MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE (flaps don't close together properly, leaving valve ajar);
more common in WOMEN; STICKING CHEST PAIN
-Blood in left ventricle backs up to left ventricle during systole (mitral valve should be closed
during systole/contraction of heart)
-Leads to atrial dilation/hypertrophy, increased pulmonary vascular pressure/volume,
PULMONARY EDEMA
-S/sx: Dyspnea, rales, pansystolic murmur, S3 & S4 heart sounds
Aortic Valve Stenosis ✔✔-Most common valvular disease
-Most common causes are aortic valve CALCIFICATION (stiffening) in people over 60; congenital
aortic valve stenosis in people less than 30
-Normal valve 3 cm; symptoms seen when valve less than 1 cm; severe when valve is less than
0.5 cm