The evolution of software has produced the ability to manage large databases of information, known as ✔✔database management systems (DBMS) was the first computer software language for business applications ✔✔Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL) is a programming environment that provides tools to developers to write code. ✔✔Integrated Development Environment (IDE) components include devices that provide input into the processing unit. These include peripherals, such as the keyboard, mouse, microphone (audio input), sensors, and document or visual scanners. ✔✔Input which is the brain of the computer. Historically, this unit included several components, such as a control unit, a processor, an arithmetic or logic unit, and memory components. ✔✔Central Processing Unit (CPU) components include primary temporary storage and secondary long-term storage devices. ✔✔Storage is temporary or short-term storage used by the processor. ✔✔Random Access Memory (RAM) components include internal storage devices or processes, as well as external peripherals such as monitor screens (visual output), speakers (audio output), and printers (physical output). ✔✔Output which is the medium through which communications between the input, processor, storage, and output occur. ✔✔System Bus or similarly the backplane, of a system is the device that contains the system bus and connects the various input and output devices that compose any given computer system. ✔✔Motherboard tracking barcodes and wireless sensor networks, some used in supply chain operations. ✔✔radio frequency identification (RFID) A person interacts with digital data through a physical environment. ✔✔Tangible User Interface (TUI) is the most advanced integrated circuit and holds millions of integrated circuits in a semiconductor chip. They are programmable devices that process instructions and incorporate the four functions of a computer central processing unit (CPU), which includes fetch, decode, execute and store. ✔✔Microprocessor A chip with multiple CPUs is called a ........ This typically provides more computing power for they can run multiple instructions in parallel. ✔✔Multicore processor coined by the co-founder of Intel, described that components in integrated circuits or microchips will double every two years. ✔✔Moore's Law otherwise known as CPU cache and random access memory (RAM), are typically referred to as volatile flash memory, meaning that information storage is temporary and can only be stored until power is removed. ✔✔Primary Storage is accessed only through a system's input/output bus and is generally several orders of magnitude slower than primary storage technologies. On the other hand, costs per byte for ........... have historically been quite a bit less than primary storage technologies. Examples of ............. include magnetic hard disk drives, which are spinning magnetic disks with moving read and write heads, as well as newer, more modern solid state nonvolatile flash storage. ............. also includes removable media, such as magnetic floppy disks, optical discs (CDs & DVDs), and USB flash drives. ✔✔Secondary Storage Small systems are used on an individual basis (i.e., one-person use) and include traditional multicomponent desktop systems (monitor, computer, keyboard, mouse) and integrated systems, such as laptops and tablet computers. ✔✔Personal Computer (PC) A more powerful system used by individuals in order to run more resource-intensive applications. ✔✔Workstation A system used to provide services to other systems. Servers need not be powerful computers. Server operating systems may be used on personal computers, including desktops or laptops, though usually servers are built on more resilient and reliable components. ✔✔Server A high-capacity, high-performance system built for large organizations and used to quickly process large volumes of data. ✔✔Mainframe This term merely implies the fastest category of computer available. Supercomputers are purpose built to handle vast amounts of information very quickly. Examples of supercomputer applications include simulating global weather patterns, decoding genome structures, or simulating the human mind. ✔✔Supercomputer A form of supercomputer constructed from many smaller systems that have been connected together. ✔✔Grid computing A software-based platform that allows multiple virtual servers, isolated from host computer, to operate on a single or, potentially, a fabric of many systems. Initially intended to more efficiently