Describe how your body responds to an infection.

T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.

Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.

Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities

How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?

Alterations of DNA

Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing.

(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.

Explain RAAS

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin

> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction >

release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in

urine and blood pressure maintained.

DKA

increased anion gap, decreased HCO3

How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis

retain H and excrete HCO3

Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?

Potassium

West Nile Virus

Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high

fever, headache and stiff neck

Lyme disease

Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.

Erythema infectiosum

a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red,

flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"

Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with .

Spina bifida

Trousseau's sign

arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia

Cause and sign of spina bifida

results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.

hemophilia is more common in

males

Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes

ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS

Connective vs muscle tissue disorders

Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus

Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia

Describe Lupus

Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash

Describe Myasthenia Gravis