1. A patient is prescribed a medication that follows first-order kinetics. Which of the following best describes this type of drug metabolism? A. The rate of metabolism is directly proportional to the drug concentration. B. The drug is metabolized at a constant rate regardless of concentration. C. The drug's half-life varies depending on its concentration. D. The drug is not metabolized by the body. Answer: A. The rate of metabolism is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Rationale: First-order kinetics implies that the rate at which a drug is metabolized is proportional to its concentration. As the drug concentration decreases, the rate of metabolism decreases as well. 2. Which receptor type is responsible for the effects of epinephrine during a fight-or-flight response? A. Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors B. Beta-1 adrenergic receptors C. Muscarinic receptors D. Nicotinic receptors Answer: B. Beta-1 adrenergic receptors Rationale: Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are primarily found in the heart and are responsible for increasing heart rate and contractility during stress responses such as fight-or-flight, which is mediated by epinephrine. 3. A nurse administers a dose of a drug that has a narrow therapeutic index. What does this imply about the drug? A. It has a wide safety margin. B. It requires close monitoring of drug levels. C. It is less likely to cause adverse effects. D. It is safe to use in varying doses. Answer: B. It requires close monitoring of drug levels. Rationale: A narrow therapeutic index indicates that there is a small margin between therapeutic and toxic doses, necessitating close monitoring to avoid toxicity. 4. Which phase of clinical trials focuses on the drug's effectiveness? A. Phase I