1. Which of the following structures is not part of the lower respiratory tract? A. Trachea B. Bronchi C. Larynx D. Alveoli Answer: C. Larynx Rationale: The larynx is part of the upper respiratory tract, which also includes the nose, nasal cavity, and pharynx. 2. During a standard patient assessment, palpation of which area would most likely reveal the apex beat of the heart? A. Right upper quadrant B. Left lower quadrant C. Left midclavicular line, fifth intercostal space D. Right sternal border, fourth intercostal space Answer: C. Left midclavicular line, fifth intercostal space Rationale: The apex beat, also known as the point of maximal impulse (PMI), is typically located in the left midclavicular line at the level of the fifth intercostal space. 3. A patient presents with a decreased range of motion in the shoulder joint. Which type of joint is the shoulder? A. Hinge B. Pivot C. Ball and socket D. Saddle Answer: C. Ball and socket Rationale: The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion in multiple planes. 4. In assessing a patient's gastrointestinal function, which of the