1. What are the four metaparadigms of nursing and how do they guide nursing

practice? (4 marks)

Answer: The four metaparadigms of nursing are person, environment, health,

and nursing. They guide nursing practice by providing a framework for

understanding the holistic nature of nursing care, the interrelatedness of the

concepts, and the values and beliefs that underlie nursing actions.

2. What are the three levels of prevention in health promotion and give an

example of each? (6 marks)

Answer: The three levels of prevention in health promotion are primary,

secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury

before it occurs, such as by immunization, education, or environmental

modification. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat disease or injury

early, such as by screening, diagnosis, or medication. Tertiary prevention aims