1. A 65-year-old man with a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus,

and chronic kidney disease is prescribed lisinopril, a medication that

belongs to the class of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

inhibitors. What is the main mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors

in lowering blood pressure?

a) They block the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.

b) They inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, a vasodilator.

c) They reduce the secretion of aldosterone, a hormone that causes

sodium and water retention.

d) All of the above.*

Rationale: ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure by blocking the

production of angiotensin II, inhibiting the breakdown of bradykinin,

and reducing the secretion of aldosterone. These effects result in

vasodilation, decreased blood volume, and decreased peripheral

resistance.

2. A 45-year-old woman with a history of asthma is prescribed

albuterol, a medication that belongs to the class of beta-2 adrenergic

agonists. What is the main adverse effect of beta-2 adrenergic

agonists in patients with asthma?

a) Bronchoconstriction

b) Tachycardia*