1. Which hormone is predominantly produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets? A. Insulin B. Glucagon C. Somatostatin D. Pancreatic polypeptide Answer: A. Insulin Rationale: Insulin is the primary hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose metabolism by facilitating the uptake of glucose into the cells. 2. A patient presents with symptoms of increased thirst, urination, and unexplained weight loss. Which endocrine gland is most likely affected? A. Pancreas B. Thyroid C. Adrenal D. Pituitary Answer: A. Pancreas Rationale: These symptoms are indicative of diabetes mellitus, which is primarily related to the dysfunction of the pancreas in producing or utilizing insulin effectively. 3. Hypersecretion of which hormone can lead to acromegaly in adults? A. Growth hormone B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone D. Prolactin Answer: A. Growth hormone Rationale: Acromegaly is caused by the overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland, often due to a benign tumor called an adenoma. 4. A 45-year-old female patient is diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism. What would be the expected finding in her bloodwork? A. Decreased serum calcium B. Increased serum calcium C. Decreased serum phosphorus