1. Which form of non-verbal communication should not be used during the initial investigation stage of the trainer-client relationship? a. Sitting 1.5 to 4 feet away from the client b. Sitting with arms crossed c. Mirroring the client's posture, gestures, and tones d. All of the above It is recommended to sit a reasonable distance away from a client so that they do not feel uncomfortable, but also close enough that they feel engaged with you. It is also recommended that you mirror their behavior to facilitate intimacy and aid in the rapport building process. By having arms crossed, you would display closed body language, which is often perceived as less friendly and less welcoming, thus it is not recommended. 2. If you discover during your initial evaluation that your client has rotator cuff tendinitis, what should you do? a. Advise the client get clearance from their primary care physician before beginning a structured exercise program with you. b. Begin training the client without medical clearance, designing an exercise program that you would for any other client. c. Begin training the client without medical clearance, designing a modified exercise program that would not exacerbate the condition. d. Begin training the client without medical clearance, and attempt to rehabilitate the rotator cuff tendinitis therapeutically through exercise prescription. Medical clearance to begin a structured exercise program is not necessary for this condition. Treating the musculoskeletal pathology is outside of the scope of practice of a personal trainer and should be instead left to a physical therapist. Instead, a personal trainer's role is to best meet the client's health and fitness needs without making the condition worse. Their physical therapist will have prescribed rehabilitative movements. 3. During an initial assessment, what planes of the body can you use a plumbline to observe? a. The frontal plane b. The sagittal plane c. The transverse plane d. All of the above A plumbline can be used to evaluate postural deviations across all three of the planes of the body. It is typically best to perform in front of a postural grid. 4. Which of the following assessments cannot determine actual