1. What is the difference between data, information and knowledge? Explain with

examples.

- Data are raw facts or figures that have no meaning by themselves, such as

numbers, symbols, words, etc. Information is data that has been processed,

organized, or interpreted in a way that makes it meaningful and useful for a specific

purpose, such as a report, a chart, a table, etc. Knowledge is information that has

been applied, analyzed, or evaluated to create new insights, understanding, or

skills, such as a theory, a principle, a method, etc. For example, the temperature

readings of a city over a month are data, the average temperature and the trend of

change are information, and the prediction of the weather based on the

information is knowledge.

2. What are the main components of an information system? Describe their

functions and interactions.

- An information system consists of five main components: hardware, software,

data, people, and procedures. Hardware refers to the physical devices that are used

to input, process, store, and output data, such as computers, scanners, printers, etc.

Software refers to the programs or applications that instruct the hardware on how

to perform tasks, such as operating systems, databases, word processors, etc. Data

refers to the raw facts or figures that are collected, processed, stored, and used by

the information system. People refer to the users or stakeholders who interact with

the information system or benefit from its outputs, such as managers, employees,

customers, etc. Procedures refer to the rules or guidelines that define how the

information system operates and how the data is handled, such as security policies,

backup plans, data entry formats, etc. The components interact with each other in a

cycle of input-process-output-feedback.